Study Guides Essays - Study Guide, Homework, Study Skills, Reading

Study Guides A study guide is a teaching aid designed to help students develop reading skills needed to enhance their comprehension of the material is the textbook. Study guides can be very helpful to students who have low comprehension skills. A study guide will ensure that the student will focus their attention on what is important for them to learn. The study guide has to be relevant to the test that will be given. Many teachers will assign a specific reading for the class and many of the students may not adhere to the teacher's request. A study guide will reinforce the reading material. A study guide that is prepared without the answers will force a student to do the reading. A study investigated the use of study guides as instructional tools and compared the effectiveness of study guides with and without analogies. Seventy-four undergraduate students in three upper division education classes studied three passages about three obscure religions (Manichaeism, Jainism, and the Druze religion) with and without the aid of two types of studyguides. One study guide analogized the religions to Christianity, and one did not employ analogies. Both study guides were written in multiple-choice, short answer, and essay format. Within each class, students were randomly divided into three groups for comparison, and each subject was given all three passages to study in different sequences, studying one passage per treatment condition. Results revealed a significant interaction between text and treatment, but with a small effect size. Results also revealed: (1) that the Manichaeism text produced scores significantly different from the combination of Druze and Jainism scores across all three treatments; (2) that the Manichaeism study guide treatments produced scores significantly different from those of the other two treatments; and (3) that the Druze analogical study guide treatment produced scores significantly different from those of the other treatments, but that the Jainism analogical study guide treatment was not significantly different from the other two treatments. A study explored whether the use of a study guide would improve students' comprehension of content area material. Two groups of students in an eighth grade social studies class were involved: students in the control group received the usual instruction--the chapter was read orally and discussed in class--while students in the experimental sample were given a study guide, skimmed the material silently, and worked on the exercises in groups of two or three. A posttest on history revealed no statistically significant differences between the scores of the two groups. How ever, since both time and the amount of material were limited and since no information is available regarding the reliability of the method used, the results of this study can be applied only to these two samples. Reading in the content areas from grades four through twelve requires the integration of new knowledge with what is already known,that involves sophisticated skills. Content area teachers must be aware of, model, and teach those reading and study skills that help students to better comprehend their reading assignments. Some strategies that have been used successfully to train students to acquire information on their own include the use of prediction guides, advance organizers, graphic organizers, study guides, and glossing. In most of the studies that I read, the use of a study guide improved most of the test scores. Study guides are a useful tool that can be used in any content area to enhance a students learning. The idea behind study guides is that students can use them as models of how to plan their own scheme of work. They are meant to primarily to be an initiation to self-direction. A survey was administered to 10th-grade regular biology students to diagnose the cause for low achievement on chapter tests. Survey results verified teacher suspicion that students did not read textbook assignments when designated as homework and, as a consequence, this deficiency contributed to low achievement scores. A treatment included requiring additional homework in the form of a teacher-prepared Reading Study Guide (RSG) that accompanied each chapter and had to be completed while students read the assignments. To complete the individualized RSG, students were unable to skim the material but, instead, had to read the assignments thoroughly. Upon completion of the RSG, a pretest was administered and learning activities relative to the chapter objectives were presented, followed by a posttest. Cloze test results indicated improvement in student ability levels. Posttest scores increased significantly and the overall grade average on the RSG surpassed expectations. During treatment, cloze test results disclosed that student ability levels were not equivalent to reading stanine levels. Overall results provided evidence

My Ambitions as a Structural Engineer

My Ambitions as a Structural Engineer Free Online Research Papers Structural engineering plays a pivotal role towards the growth, development and progress of countries as the mass structures like multi-story buildings, bridges, thermal and nuclear power plants all involving structural engineering results in a strong economy of an advancing country. In some other engineering technologies, sometimes it is possible to use hit and trial methods as in geotechnical and hydraulics engineering where the as built conditions are not of such importance to effect the whole design, but in structural design one must abide by all codes of standard requirements, as huge expenditure and high degree of risk is involved at each and every step of execution. The duties of structural engineer became more critical in nature as he always has to fulfill the obligation of related codes, standards, specification and to follow all the stipulations of the same in a short and predefined frame of time with a high degree of accuracy. A structural engineer is most commonly involved in the design of building and non building structures but also plays an essential role in designing machinery where structural integrity of the design item impacts safety and reliability. Structural engineering is vast field and has its application in almost all the important engineering design, that’s why a structural engineer has to be very competent, decisive, efficient and quick decision maker. He has to make all the decision keeping in mind the fact that how his working is going to affect the economy and safety of the resulting structure. My ambition as a structural engineer is to get competency in the field of bridge engineering right from design phase till to the execution of the design; the reason is that bridges are a direct and true reflection of economy and recourses of a country. I always wanted to contribute in the growing economy of my country using my skills, knowledge and capabilities .This is one profession where an advance degree is more a necessity than an option. That’s why I would love to avail any opportunity provided by Nespak (my organization) to enhance my professional capabilities. Along with technical know how, I also need a host of my skills to interact with professional and non-professional co-workers. Sales ability, public speaking and time management are very important. Problem resolution is a skill that is not typically taught in engineering institutions that’s why I would like to work on this too. I know that bridge engineer holds the lives of others in their hands, so it is not just the professional responsibility but the personal liability. Nespak (my organization) is providing me a chance to materialize my dreams and to excel in my specialized field. I will try my level best to come up to the expectation of my organization. Research Papers on My Ambitions as a Structural EngineerOpen Architechture a white paperGenetic EngineeringIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Electron Transport Chain and Energy Production

Electron Transport Chain and Energy Production In cellular biology, the electron transport chain is one of the steps in your cells processes that make energy from the foods you eat.   It is the third step of aerobic cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the term for how your bodys cells make energy from food consumed. The electron transport chain is where most of the energy cells need to operate is generated. This chain is actually a series of protein complexes and electron carrier molecules within the inner membrane of cell mitochondria, also known as the cells powerhouse. Oxygen is required for  aerobic respiration  as the chain terminates with the donation of electrons to oxygen.   Key Takeaways: Electron Transport Chain The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes and electron carrier molecules within the inner membrane of mitochondria that generate ATP for energy.Electrons are passed along the chain from protein complex to protein complex until they are donated to oxygen. During the passage of electrons, protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space.The accumulation of protons in the intermembrane space creates an electrochemical gradient that causes protons to flow down the gradient and back into the matrix through ATP synthase. This movement of protons provides the energy for the production of ATP.The electron  transport chain is the third step of aerobic cellular respiration. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are the first two steps of cellular respiration. How Energy Is Made As electrons move along a chain, the movement or momentum is used to create  adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the main source of energy for many cellular processes including muscle contraction and cell division. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a organic chemical that provides energy for cell. ttsz / iStock / Getty Images Plus Energy is released during cell metabolism when ATP is hydrolyzed. This happens when electrons are passed along the chain from protein complex to protein complex until they are donated to oxygen forming water.  ATP chemically decomposes to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by reacting with water. ADP is in turn used to synthesize ATP. In more detail, as electrons are passed along a chain from protein complex to protein complex, energy is released and hydrogen ions (H) are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix (compartment within the inner  membrane) and into the intermembrane space (compartment between the inner and outer membranes). All this activity creates both a chemical gradient (difference in solution concentration) and an electrical gradient (difference in charge) across the inner membrane. As more H  ions are pumped into the intermembrane space, the higher concentration of  hydrogen atoms  will build up and flow back to the matrix simultaneously powering the production of ATP by the protein complex ATP synthase. ATP synthase uses the energy generated from the movement of H  ions into the matrix for the conversion of ADP to ATP. This process of oxidizing molecules to generate energy for the production of ATP is called oxidative phosphorylation. The First Steps of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. normaals / iStock / Getty Images Plus The first step of cellular respiration is glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the splitting of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of the chemical compound pyruvate. In all, two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH (high energy, electron carrying molecule) are generated. The second step, called the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle, is when pyruvate is transported across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes into the mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate is further oxidized in the Krebs cycle producing two more molecules of ATP, as well as NADH and FADH 2 molecules. Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to the third step of cellular respiration, the electron transport chain. Protein Complexes in the Chain There are four protein complexes  that are part of the electron transport chain that functions to pass electrons down the chain. A fifth protein complex serves to transport hydrogen ions back into the matrix. These complexes are embedded within the inner mitochondrial membrane.   Illustration of electron transport chain with oxidative phosphorylation. extender01 / iStock / Getty Images Plus Complex I NADH transfers two electrons to Complex I resulting in four H ions being pumped across the inner membrane. NADH is oxidized to NAD, which is recycled back into the Krebs cycle. Electrons are transferred from Complex I to a carrier molecule ubiquinone (Q), which is reduced to ubiquinol (QH2). Ubiquinol carries the electrons to Complex III. Complex II FADH2 transfers electrons to Complex II and the electrons are passed along to ubiquinone (Q). Q is reduced to ubiquinol (QH2), which carries the electrons to Complex III. No H ions are transported to the intermembrane space in this process. Complex III The passage of electrons to Complex III drives the transport of four more H ions across the inner membrane. QH2 is oxidized and electrons are passed to another electron carrier protein cytochrome C. Complex IV Cytochrome C passes electrons to the final protein complex in the chain, Complex IV. Two H ions are pumped across the inner membrane. The electrons are then passed from Complex IV to an oxygen (O2) molecule, causing the molecule to split. The resulting oxygen atoms quickly grab H ions to form two molecules of water. ATP Synthase ATP synthase moves H ions that were pumped out of the matrix by the electron transport chain back into the matrix. The energy from the influx of protons into the matrix is used to generate ATP by the phosphorylation (addition of a phosphate) of ADP. The movement of ions across the selectively permeable mitochondrial membrane and down their electrochemical gradient is called chemiosmosis. NADH generates more ATP than FADH2. For every NADH molecule that is oxidized, 10 H ions are pumped into the intermembrane space. This yields about three ATP molecules. Because FADH2 enters the chain at a later stage (Complex II), only six H ions are transferred to the intermembrane space. This accounts for about two ATP molecules. A total of 32 ATP molecules are generated in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Sources Electron Transport in the Energy Cycle of the Cell. HyperPhysics, hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/etrans.html.Lodish, Harvey, et al. Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th Edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2000, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21528/.

Hannah Hoch and the Dada Art Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hannah Hoch and the Dada Art Movement - Essay Example The creation of collages was not long in following and became a mainstay of the Dadaist movement, particularly as it evolved into the concept of photomontage.   Artists during this period struggled against the concept that art created spiritual values and frequently used the products of their creative spirit to protest against the First World War. Beginning in France in about 1916, the movement’s progress and development can be seen in context with the Great War, which started in 1914 and was waged for four years. While this artistic movement didn’t start until two years after the war began, about when the populace, artists among them, was beginning to feel the pressure of constant warlike states, it also persisted for a few years after it ended as the populace, again with artists among them, became reconciled to the new world order thus established. The development of this movement is most frequently associated with artists such as Raoul Hausmann, Kurt Schwitters and Marcel Duchamp, among other male artists, but less well known is the equally contributive Hannah Hoch. This investigation into the Dada Movement will, therefore, focus upon Hoch’s contributions to the movement and her artwork as representative of it. The foundation of the Dada Movement is actually attributed to artists in Zurich, Switzerland and in New York, America. It is described in the Merriam-Webster’s Encyclopedia of Literature as a â€Å"nihilistic movement in the arts †¦ that was based on the principles of deliberate irrationality, anarchy, and cynicism and the rejection of laws of beauty and social organization† (cited in Buell, 1998). The name of the movement was arrived at with the same lack of reverence as the movement itself, reportedly arrived at by chance and retained because of its childlike associations. One of its chief goals was to undermine the â€Å"rational and civilized standards† then in place in the art world by exploring the icons of the old world, placing them in new contexts so as to expose a lack of inherent meaning in the work.  

Facebook and Human Resource Management Research Paper - 1

Facebook and Human Resource Management - Research Paper Example It is important to highlight that Facebook is a social networking website. Simply put, it is an online or digital community wherein its users can socialize virtually: meet, interact, share photos, videos, news, among other information. It is a network of close to a billion users, connecting friends, families, strangers, coworkers, and so forth, regardless of location and time. The framework is simple and appealing: Profile pages are created so that individuals can post and share information about themselves. Gunter (2010) explained that such architecture creates an environment that encourages members to log in regularly in order to keep track of what friends and colleagues are doing, sharing their own activities, interact about interests and hobbies, send messages, and join groups and networks, among other things (p. 1). These characteristics and capabilities underscore why Facebook can impact human resources management. They reveal how majority of the workforce logs in to the websit e daily. In the United States, there are close to 100 million Facebook users. A Pew Research Center study found that of those who use social networking sites, 92 percent use Facebook, followed by MySpace with a meager 29 percent (Hampton et al., 2011). The bulk of Facebook users are dominated by 18-44 year olds, able-bodied people that constitute the workforce or at least could qualify as workers (Statista, 2012). These user demographics access their Facebook account at least a month through different devices such as computers and mobile phones.

Why Did More Indians Choose to Become Catholics Essay Example for Free

Why Did More Indians Choose to Become Catholics Essay During the 16th century, huge religious movements were happening as people began to travel to the new world. Many Indians became Catholic over being protestant, but wasn’t always because that’s what they wanted. Many Indians were ripped from their homes and forced by settlers into believing that they wanted them to believe. The reason Indians were mostly Catholic was not because of preference, it was because, at the time, there was a greater influx of people to the colonies with Catholic ideals as opposed to Protestant and the settlers forced them to convert. When the Spaniard’s came to the colonies, the Protestant Reformation was going on back at home. To get away from the movement many Catholics saw the opportunity to go over seas and practice their religion freely. When many of these Catholics got over to the colonies they were often in charge of the Indian settlers on their land. Often times they were segregated into groups and then converted based off of what the controlling party’s beliefs were. For many they were converted into Catholicism because so many of the people coming from over seas at that time were Catholic. The Indians never had a say in the religion they were able to practice. They were ripped from their homes and families, stripped of their language and way of life. Many of them had to convert right away to the English ideals by learning to read and write in English. They were even given English names, and forced to in the â€Å"Christian† religion. It all comes down to the bigger demographic of people, and the Catholic religion had a greater impact on the Indians because they had greater numbers. Not only were the Indians forced into thinking a certain way, they were also manipulated. Often times, the Spanish took the Indian’s idols and substituted them for Christian figures. A great example of this would be the Virgin Mary. Because they looked up to her so much, having her influence strongly swayed the Indians into converting and believing Catholic beliefs. Having the ability to do this in the Christian religion really made a bigger impact when it came to converting to either Catholicism or being Protestant. At the end of the day however, it really didn’t matter because the monks were nice to them and because they were nice they were greatly influence into Catholicism. In the 16th century, you really had no choice when it came to religion if you were an Indian. The colonies (Indian land) were a new land of opportunity that the Spanish, and people from all over the world, were flocking to. When the new settlers arrived, the Indians were treated as if they didn’t matter and were converted religiously by the people on their lands. It never came down to the choice for being a Catholic or a Protestant, it was about who was there to influence who. Because of the Protestant Reformation going on over seas, many Catholics were looking for a way out and that way out was the Indians land in the land of opportunity. Indians never had a choice; they were more conquered by the Catholic religion because there happened to be a greater influx of Catholic rather than protestant in the 16th century.

Teen People Magazine Essay -- BTEC Business Marketing GCSE Coursework

Teen People Magazine The Teen People, September edition, is a magazine designed to appeal to young female readers. Its content features well known celebrities, use of bright and flashy colors, and an organized layout that attracts an upbeat, young readership interested in high-quality appearance and style. Although the magazine’s main focus may appear to insure a great fashion sense, it also concentrates on a philosophical orientation by covering a more diverse readership that includes all colors, sizes, and shapes of females. Teen People also expands its audience by recognizing both visual and text oriented audiences. To appeal to the more visual oriented audience, the magazine uses exotic photography in the advertisements for Self Esteem, Secret Deodorant, and Ralph Lauren. For the more text oriented audience, the magazine includes celebrity profiles on Ruben Studdard as well as both Nick Lachey and Jessica Simpson. Whether the audience is visual or text oriented, Teen People’s main objec tive is to create an animated and enjoyable magazine for young female readers. The advertisement for the clothing line Self Esteem uses an imaginative idea of a human butterfly to catch the eye of its visual oriented viewers (117). The advertisement pictures a young Mediterranean female with butterfly wings attached to her back. She is dressed in casual attire with green cargo pants and a simple khaki colored shirt. The unusual depiction and choice in clothing may insinuate that an athletic female reader can effectively express herself by dressing comfortably in Self Esteem clothing wear. The smile and happy indication illustrates that freedom of originality leads to eternal happiness. Self Esteem places the young female in the midst of... ...emales tend to desire. Self Esteem uses a deeper level of thinking to portray beauty. Secret Deodorant tends to advertise angelic beauty, whereas companies such as Ralph Lauren advertise natural beauty. Although both articles use big celebrities to attract their readers, they tend to differ in who is attracted and why they are attracted to the article. Whatever the approach may be, Teen People Magazine accurately appeals to all types of people who desire a good style sense, information on their favorite celebrities, and overall beauty. Works Cited Ralph Lauren advertisement. Teen People. September 2005: 51. Ruben Studdard Article. Teen People. September 2005: 176. Secret Deodorant advertisement. Teen People. September 2005: 64. Self Esteem advertisement. Teen People. September 2005: 117. "They’ve Got Game." Teen People. September 2005: 190.

Legal framework for social work in United Kingdom Essay

Legal framework for social work in United Kingdom Introduction            Social work is defined as a professional and academic discipline that will seek to have improvement on the individuals, groups’ and communities’ quality of life and their well-being through having policies, conducting researches, organizing communities and teaching for the good of the people affected by social limitations that may include poverty, mental and physical sickness, social injustice including violation of human rights. International (Federation of Social Workers 2000). These groups may include school dropouts, the elderly in the society, juvenile offenders, drug and alcohol abusers and the homeless            Social workers will work in different settings within a set of framework of legislation and practices. The setting may include a school situation, the service users’ home, a hospital or a public sector premise Social work values            Social work is argued to be value based. Since it is a profession on, social work ethics (values) thus refer to a set of guidelines that have to govern the way professionals treat the people they interact with and the sort of actions that are regarded as right or wrong. They offer a vision and discernment (Bernstein 1970)            Social work in the United Kingdom occurs in four spheres. The first sphere is majorly a concept relates to the moral philosophy that creates the ethical arguments on social work. The second sphere is based on the legislation that has created an environment for practice of social work with reference to the social work cases. The third sphere is the political ideas and concepts and their influence in shaping and sculpturing the social work models, social work methods and practices. The last sphere presents the historical part of the beginning of social work as a profession and its struggle for professional identity. These spheres are extended, mid range and restricted definitions of social work ethics and values (Bernard et al 2008, p. 6)            This paper will focus on the second sphere in reference to the United Kingdom. Social work and law            Social work as a profession has to follow certain laws and regulations which govern the profession. The legal framework involves the statute laws and case laws and tries to explain the relationship that links them. Moreover, it details legislation of the government under acts of parliament, the international laws, policy guidance, and the local government circulars that articulate the purpose and guidance principles of legislation. Health and Care professional Council code of practice            As a social worker, it is paramount to be aware of the legal obligations required of them to create a healthy and safe working conditions. The General Social Care Council code of practice imposes more duties for employers of social workers. The code states that (Brayne & Carr 2002, P. 49) The social worker shall protect and promote interests of the service users The social worker will strive to establish, maintain trust and confidence of the service users The social worker will promote independence of the service users while giving them protection from possible harm The social worker shall respect the rights of the service users while ensuring that their behavior will not harm other people and themselves The social worker shall uphold the public trust and confidence in the social care services The social worker shall be accountable for quality in their work and taking responsibility for maintenance and improvement of their knowledge Acts of parliament The Carew standard Act 2000            This Act has a significant role in the social care work as it did extend the registration regime for the social care in England and that of Wales for provision of the children’s services, the Act requires the following: Registration of children homes Registration of family centre’s Registration of the independent fostering agencies Registration of the voluntary adoption agencies Registration of support agencies            To be a permanent registered member one has to meet a set of regulations tailored to each individual service. In coming up to a decision whether the regulatory requirement shave been fulfilled, the registering authority must have a regard to minimum National standards. England’s registration authority is Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (OFSTED). The Social workers and the social care services cannot function without having satisfied the above requirements. As a social worker or a social care service provider, there is a need to have knowledge to avoid prosecution by Law The health and social care Act 2012            This bill was agreed upon by both houses and obtained the Royal Assent on the 27th of March to become an act of parliament. The bill created an independent National Health Service Board to promote choices made by the patients in regard to their health issues and reduced the administration tool of the National Health Service. A National Health Service Board was also created to allocate resources and provide guidance on commissioning of social care services. Powers of the government’s ability to commission services on behalf of patients were increased. The function of the Care Quality Commission was strengthened and Section 209 of this Act amended. The powers of the new law under Section 60 of the 199 Act gave her majesty the power by order in the council to regulate social workers and social care practitioners of England. This placed the role of social workers and the role of social health care providers directly under her majesty (Britain 2012, p. 9). This A ct placed a lot of Significance on Social Care services being provided in the United Kingdom. A consideration on the adult social care was emphasized. For example, allowing the transfer of public health to the local authorities through local health and the well being boards. Various new bodies have emerged such as the Local health watches which have a function of checking on health and the social care standards. Children’s Act 2004.            In England, the law protects the right of children. Section 11 and 12 of this Act places a statutory duty on all agencies to co-operate and promote the welfare of the children. The government guidance for social workers and other professionals that interact with children is that: the social worker has a duty of keeping the children safe. There should be constant feedback to the children social care local authority on suggestions and assessment and lastly every person who has a role should not think that he/she has the absolute right to the child’s needs. Professionals sometimes fail to report the abuse and neglect cases do not face penalties for crime however; they might be subjected to professional discipline Public Services (Social Value) Act 2012            The bill got a Royal Assent on 8th of March. The bill aimed to give strength to the social enterprise businesses sectors and make relevant the concept of social value and its importance in the placing and providing of public services. With this bill a National Social enterprise strategy was created to encourage the engagement in social enterprises. The local government act 2000 section 4 was then required to have a sustainable community strategy proposal that promote the engagement of social enterprise in their areas. The Local Authority Social Services Act 1970            This Act brought together the different fields of social work into a single Social service department in every local authority. With this establishment, an emphasis was laid on a co-ordinated and comprehensive system of approach to the social care, the support of families and identifying the need for people to seek aid. The formulated departments then became responsible for domestic aid, residential accommodation and recreational services. Care council of Wales            All social workers should be registered. It is one of the bodies mandated to register and regulates the activities of the social workers and all other social care in Wales. The care council is set up under the Care Standards Act 2000. It includes the codes of professional practice, conduct rules, and a well established guideline on the complainant’s procedure. Some other features accessed include consultation services, annual reports, the newsletters and the e-bulletins. Registration of workers ensures that there is as constant data of available social workers and social health care workers in a given state or region. It is easy to verify a genuine worker and avoids imposters who might be out on criminal activities Care and Social Services of the inspectorate of Wales            This is a body mandated to regulating and inspecting the establishment of agencies that offer social care services in Wales region. It carries out duties on behalf of the ministers of Wales. It has been given power under Act 2003 of the Social and Health care to look into the handling of social services by the local authorities. On their website, one is able to raise a query on social workers conduct for necessary action. Rights and freedoms of Social workers and limitations Guide to information sharing            Social work is a professional duty. When dealing with children, England places emphasis on effective information sharing between the local agencies and the social workers on identification and assessment of service provisions. These are defined in â€Å"Working together to safeguard children (PDF). Under this guidance, paragraph 1.24 states clearly that fears that arise on sharing personal information should not hinder promotion of a child’s welfare and safety. All social workers and social care provider thus are required to have an efficient information discernment process to avoid a scenario of neglect in believe that another individual will do the task. Limitations to this guide            These provisions however do have limitations. In Wales’s guidance on information sharing is found in chapter 14 of Safeguarding children working together under the Children Act 2004 (PDF). In these guidance paragraph 14.5 overlaps the guidance for professionals in England. It states that â€Å"The safety and welfare of a child or young person must be put into consideration first when making decisions about sharing information about them† and that must be superseding public interest in revealing the information. The guidance then further goes on to give the way forward in sharing on information. Paragraph 14.6 states that â€Å"the best way of ensuring that information sharing is properly handled is to work within carefully worked out information-sharing protocols between agencies and professionals involved, and taking legal advice in each case where necessary. Guide to Loss and damage            Social workers have been mandated with a legal duty of caring and service providers. In essence these role places the employers with responsibility of paying up damages their employees suffer while in line of duty. In the event those being taken care of suffer adverse damage as a result of social work interference, then they are entitled to sue the social work company for negligence. These may be as a result of physical damage, emotional or psychological damage. While this is the case, the law prohibits the suing of social workers when performing certain statutory functions like safeguarding children. Employers need to understand the times which their employees may be liable to protection under the law and when not. Legislation on discrimination on Personal privacy            In line of duty, social workers provide aid services. In order for them to carry out these functions effectively, it is paramount for them to have knowledge of the raft of legislation that protects individuals for discrimination basing on their gender, age, sexual orientation, religion, disability or ethnicity. These are domestic laws of the United Kingdom and are complemented by European Convention on human right which protects the citizens of the United Kingdom against unjustified state interference with their life. It is always possible for government and social work agencies getting into people’s life when they are not willing. In this event then the public can resort to the human rights protection of privacy and autonomy. Social workers and social work agencies need to have knowledge of the rights and privileges granted to the masses under the European convention for both parties to avoid violating them while at the same time helping individuals who hav e had their rights contravened The Human rights            Human rights are legal obligations that are to be adhered to universally. Human rights are defined as â€Å"the universal right to standard living that is adequate for healthy and well being of individuals and their families.†(Roosevelt 2000, p.5). These are also embodied by global social work perspective by stating that â€Å"The struggle for dignity and fundamental freedoms, which allows for the full development of human potentials, boils down to two words: human rights.†(IFSW 1996).The presence of this law, social work in the United Kingdom is bound to human rights which are considered sensitive to human race and collective citizenship. The social work must then be conceptualized and sensitized to the culture in which the services are offered. Thus a social worker in England should be able to accept the culture and laws of a state or region in which he/she is working in. Conclusion            Social work and social care has a pivotal role in service delivery to the society. This view cannot go unnoticed. The values, ethics of social work such as respect for humanity, equality and service to all have played a major role in helping the less privileged in the United Kingdom. The beneficiaries have included the mentally ill, the old, women and children. The United Kingdom having realized the vital role of social care came up with various laws not only to check but to guide the professionals in their field of work. These laws have been defined in various Acts of parliament, Scholarly publications and various codes of ethics and conduct of the Social work profession. Social workers and social care workers interact with different people on daily basis. In order for a harmonious and efficient system of operation to uphold, these laws and various publications have played a major role. However the legal stipulations have also had a negative side of the story bein g felt where they have had to hamper the operations of social workers and social care practitioners. Technological advancements and constant reviews of challenges that have risen in the working environment of this profession I believe can act as a catalyst to new ideas to command this noble profession to greater heights in the United Kingdom References BRITAIN, G. (2012). Health and social care act 2012: chapter 7. [S.l.], Tso. BRAYNE, H., & CARR, H. (2012). Law for social workers. Oxford, Oxford University Press. BRITAIN, G. (2012). Health and social care act 2012: chapter 7. [S.l.], Tso. BARNARD, A., HORNER, N., & WILD, J. (2008). The value base of social work and social care. Maidenhead, England, Open University Press. ROOSEVELT, E. (2000). Universal declaration of human rights in English, Spanish, French, Chinese, Russian, Arabic. Bedford, Mass, Applewood Books. HEALY, L. M. (2008). International social work: professional action in an interdependent world. Oxford, Oxford University Press. REAMER, F. G. (2006). Social work values and ethics. New York, Columbia University Press. BERNSTEIN, P. (1997). American work values: their origin and development. New York, State Univ. of New York Press. BANKS, S. (2012). Ethics and values in social work. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan. (2004). Children Act 2004: Explanatory notes. [S.l.], Stationery Office. Source document

Different types of play Essay

The activity called playing is a form of enjoyment that provides pleasure, excitement and competition. A person playing more often than not is enjoying himself and having fun. Games are the factors of playing that creates the whole essence of the word. Studying two â€Å"types† of games can help provide more understanding regarding this subject matter. The Traditional Games that have been active from different nations during the course of time, and the technology-based Video games, particularly in China and Europe are the two main aspects of this paper. II. TRADITIONAL GAMES Traditional games are the games that nations have produced due to people’s love for enjoyment and leisure. These are the games that were inspired by the times and have been kept alive through the passing of the knowledge of the game from generation to generation. A. TRADITIONAL GAMES IN ASIAN COUNTRIES Traditional games very much vary due to the differences of cultures and nationalities. Taking a look at examples of two different Asian countries can help assist compare and contrast traditional games. Two nationalities that have interesting traditional games are China and the Philippines. 1. ) China Due to China’s rich history, it has produced so many different traditional games throughout the years of the civilization’s existence. Here are some of the games (The Chinese Historical and Cultural Project, 2007). â€Å"Chinese Yo-Yo or Pull-Bell† The bamboo â€Å"empty bell† is represented in Records of Scenes at the Capital from the Ming dynasty (1386-1644 A. D. ): The two ends are circular saucer shapes. In the center is a horizontal bit of wood. Mount it on a string and twirl with a vibrating motion. It emits a humming sound. This was a game played by girls and boys during the springtime, when the willow leaves turns green. It became specifically famous in the North. A poem was even made about it. â€Å"Kites† Different folk tales about the beginning of the kite do exist. A Sung Dynasty statement makes their initial appearance in the Warring States era. But Lin K’un of the Yuan dynasty perceived that the kite was created in the Han dynasty to faze the opponents by the eerie sounds of connected whistles. History displays that the kite was also utilized to call for help. In Taiwan, kite flying is incorporated with the season of autumn. Cut bamboo, which is strong and light, is the conventional material for creating the frame of the kite. â€Å"Jump Rope† The jump rope dates back 1,500 years to say the least in China. It was named â€Å"jumping one hundred threads† due to the rope’s appearance displaying like a hundred different ropes as it circled in the air. During the Spring Festival in the South, this was the time that â€Å"jump rope† was most famous. It can be created with the utilization of different materials such as cotton and grass, straw and cotton combinations with wax coating. Group and single jumping are both popular in China as well as in the Wes. â€Å"The Shuttlecock (Chien-tsu)† The Shuttlecock developed out of an ancient military exercise It was famous during the time of the Han and T’ang dynasties. Subsequent to the Sung dynasty, the game was named Chien-tsu, the Chinese term for â€Å"arrow† which sounds just exactly like the word for â€Å"shuttlecock†. Consisting of a small, weighted round base with tassels or feathers at a single end, the Shuttlecock is usually kicked with the heel, the toe, instep and outer side of the foot, and the same with the knee. This game was most appropriate for cold weather because this energetic exercise warmed the body. The Tawainese government during the year 1975 included this game in physical education programs of their elementary schools, and it somehow brought back the popularity of the game. 2. ) Philippines The Philippines, despite having a diverse history due to different colonial periods, has produced such enjoyable and challenging traditional games. Most of these games were usually played during town â€Å"fiestas† (feasts) while some are just the usual pastime of Filipino children. The following are samples of Filipino traditional games (Filipino Games, 2008). â€Å"Agawang sulok† Agawang sulok – catch and own a corner – The â€Å"it† or tagger stands in the center of the ground. The participants in the corners will try to exchange places by running from one base to another. The â€Å"it† must persevere to protect a base or corner by running to any of the corners when it’s left vacant. â€Å"Araw-lilim† Araw-lilim – sun and shade – The tagger or it attempts to touch or tag any of the participants who directly in contact with the sunlight. A player saves himself or herself from being tagged by simply staying within the shade. The tagged player will in turn become the next game’s tagger. If there are five or more players participating, two or three taggers can be allowed as the taggers at the same time. â€Å"Bulong-pari† Bulong-Pari – whisper it to the priest – It is composed of an it and two teams. Team A’s leader goes to the priest and whispers one of the names of Team B’s players. Then he goes back to his place and the priest shouts out, â€Å"Lapit! † (â€Å"Approach! †). One of team B’s players must approach the priest, and if it happens to be the one whom the leader of team A whispered, the priest will then say, â€Å"Boom† or â€Å"Bung! † The participant then falls out of line and stays somewhere close, serving as the priest’s prisoner. â€Å"Luksong-tinik† Luksong-tinik – jump over the thorns – Two players acts as the base of the tinik (thorn) by placing their left or right feet together (soles touching gradually building the tinik). Players shall set a starting point, providing a runway for the participants to attempt a higher jump, so as not to hit the tinik. The other players of the team starts jumping over the tinik, then the other team members follow. â€Å"Langit-lupa† Langit-lupa – heaven and earth – An â€Å"It† chases after participants who are permitted to run on level ground (lupa) and climb over objects (langit). The â€Å"tagger† may tag participants who stay on the ground, but not those who are standing in the â€Å"langit† (heaven). The player who gets tagged then becomes â€Å"It† and the game continues. â€Å"Patintero† Patintero or harangang taga – try to cross my line without letting me to touch or catch you – The group’s members who is it stands on the water lines. The middle perpendicular line allows the â€Å"it† appointed on that line to cross the lines occupied by the â€Å"it† that the parallel line intersects, thus adding up to the opportunities of the runners to be cornered. â€Å"Palosebo† Palo-sebo – greased bamboo pole climbing – The challenge of this game includes a bamboo pole that is greased that players must accomplish to reach the top by climbing. Usually played during town fiestas, more often in the provinces, the game’s objective is that for the participants to attempt to be the first person to reach the prize which is usually a little bag placed at the peak of the bamboo pole. The bag normally has money or toys inside. â€Å"Piko† Piko – hopscotch – The participants stand behind the edge of a box, and each must have to throw their cue ball. The first to play is dictated depending on the agreement of the players (e. g. nearest to the moon, wings or chest). The one who had success in throwing the cue ball closest to the point or place that they have agreed upon will be the first to play. The next closest is second, and so on and so forth. â€Å"Sipa† Sipa – game of kick – The thing being utilized to play the game is also named â€Å"sipa†. It is consisted of a washer with colorful threads, commonly plastic straw, connected to it. The sipa is then thrown above for the participant’s toss utilizing his/her foot. The participant should prevent the sipa to reach the ground by hitting it several times using his/her foot, and sometimes the portion just above the knee. The participant must count the number of times he/she was able to kick the sipa. The player with the most number of kicks shall win the game. â€Å"Sungka† Sungka – The game’s objective is to amass stones or cowrie shells in the participant’s home base (bahay) by ceaselessly distributing the shells around smaller holes until the participant have no more shells to use. The player who gathers the most number of shells in his or her bahay wins the game. â€Å"Ubusan lahi† Ubusan lahi – game of conquer – A player attempts to conquer the members of a group (as in claiming the members of another’s clan). The player tagged from the main group then transforms as an ally of the â€Å"it†. The more players, the better it is. The game shall begin with just a single it and then try to conquer and tag other participants. Just as soon as one player is tagged by the tagger, he or she then will assist the â€Å"it† to tag the other remaining members until no other player is left on the original group. B. TRADITIONAL GAMES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 1. ) England There are also many famous traditional games present in England, one example of it is the game â€Å"Skittles†. â€Å"Skittles† Skittles or Nine Pins has existed in the Inns of England for a long time. Generally, participants take turns to stroke balls of wood down a lane at the end of which are several skittles also made of wood, to try to knock them all over. Across England there are a number of skittle games. Undoubtedly, Skittles has been one of England’s most popular games. Different books have made mention of this game. Seemingly, for numerous centuries up until today, a bunch of the different games of Skittles are still being played. 2. ) Scotland Scottish people are considered as Highlanders, their traditional games are called the Highland games which they held throughout the year. This is their way of celebrating Celtic culture and Scottish heritage. The common facets of the games almost are epitomes of Scotland. They use the bagpipes, the kilt and the heavy events. Held in Dunoon, Scotland every August, the Cowal Highland Gathering, (better known as the Cowal Games), is the biggest Highland games in Scotland, appealing to around 3,500 competitors and somewhere in the region of 15-20,000 of international crowd (Grondin, 2006). III. VIDEOGAMES A video game is a game that regards interaction with a user interface to create visual feedback on a video device. The term video in video game usually referred to a raster display device. But with the famous use of the term â€Å"video game†, it now connotes any type of display device (Newman, 2004). The electronic systems utilized to play video games are named as platforms; sample of these are video game consoles and personal computers. These platforms range broadly, showing from big computers to little handheld devices. Video games that are specialized such as arcade games, while previously common, have gradually declined in use as home video game consoles have grown to fame and notoriety (Garrat, 2004). Moreover, Video games have changed the landscape of playing games, or the more common term of today, gaming. Almost being a more comfortable way of playing, Video games provide a person with the chance of enjoying himself at home. The genre of Video games has evolved throughout the years. Starting off with the Atari System and evolving to the Nintendo Wii and XBOX 360s of today, Video games have changed and made an impact to the youth of today’s generation (Silberman, 2007). It can be said that Video games have transformed a lot on people, almost affecting their way of life and their perception of play. A. VIDEOGAMES IN ASIAN COUNTRIES A lot of countries in Asia have many addicted people with regards to Video games. The following two countries can be considered as one of the top countries in Asia who have a large following for Video games. 1. ) Korea In South Korea, most people are linked to Video games due to the influences of their history. A sense of integration and correlation with regards to what people need to accomplish in Video games somehow make Koreans feel more attached to the game. Online games are the most popular among Korean citizens and most of them seem to like playing as an organized group different from Americans who loves to play in a solo way. Coordination and cooperation among Korean players somehow makes them much different from other nations (Crego, 2003; Lachlan, 2003). They consider their country as a game nation who accepts different styles of games, especially online ones. The passion for Video games has made Koreans stand out as one of the most addicted nations in terms of Video games. 2. ) China Another interesting country to look at regarding video games would definitely be China. A country with a magnanimous population combined with the huge territory, China has been also expanding in terms of technology development and economic growth. The popularity of Video Games is really high, but it has not yet reached its full potential due to the low Internet penetration within the country. Improvement of this matter can help China be more acquainted with Video games. China has a large market and it draws attention of corporations that create games due to that reason. China is different from Korea in terms of Video Games due to their different favorites. It is predicted that if in the future, 10% of Chinese people would be playing online games, it would showcase that there will be more people playing games online in China than the whole population of any single country in Europe (Lachlan, 2003). B. VIDEOGAMES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Video games in Europe are not as popular compared to Asian countries. The drive for online games is just not as fierce unlike in China or Korea. In Europe, Video Games are not as big as compared to China or Korea. Video games in Europe does not become a sensation to the whole of the population. IV. COMPARISON & CONTRAST There is a huge difference with regards to the Traditional games compared to Video games. The Traditional Games somehow creates an image of a more cultural approach while Video games showcase a more technological approach (Smith, 2007). Another major difference regarding the two is that Video Games need power or energy and online games need Internet to provide full satisfaction. Without electricity, Video games won’t even exist. Traditional games tend to become more substantially formed for exercise as compared to the usual Video games, with exception to the Nintendo Wii (Hanson, 1999; Lachlan, 2003). There is a huge difference with regards to different nations’ perceptions about Video games, and it may be influenced by the country’s moral characteristics or traditional aspects. The difference with regards to Asian countries to European countries is that Asian countries freely accept the Video games and allows it to become a huge phenomenon in their respective countries, unlike in Europe. V. CONCLUSION All in all, it can be concluded that there are huge differences regarding Video games and Traditional games. For one, the physicality factor differs a lot. In traditional games, physical exercise is more utilized than in Video games. The latter promotes some sort of laziness while the former encourages fitness and health. It may not be disregarded that both are fun to play and that’s the reason why they both exist in the world today (Smith, 2007). But Video games have displayed both positive and negative sides. The positive side is that it helps educate people towards the advancement of technology. It promotes modernity and futuristic possibilities. These Video games even take the players to different sights and sounds. Only a Video game could provide varying places of fantasy, past, future and other surrealistic worlds or universe. Video games expand man’s creative thinking. But despite all of these positive factors that Video games can create, there are also the negative implications that go along with it. Violence has been a concern with regards to Video games. Due to the freedom of ideas and the creative side of gaming companies, there are huge risks of exposing the youth to violence with the use of these Video games. Many killings are attributed to Video game addictions. The effect of Video games to a person’s mind can be magnanimous. Today, there are so many different violent games that somehow scare many nations. This seems to be a wrong path for children who love to play Video games. The influence of Video games to children can be surmountable and be hard to analyze. The school killings in the United States somehow showcase the suspects as attributed to love for video games with violent content. Overall, Video games are not bad, they just need to be utilized and maximized for the good because they can even influence the youth for education. Video games used as academic tools are a big help for educators and students alike. Tradition and modernization must coincide for a better future. The traditional games should not be regarded as a threat to children’s development. Instead it should serve as the basis for people’s concept of play and parents must ensure proper guidance and child-rearing. The video games should be inspired by these traditional games that have lasted for centuries and has proven that they are fun that’s why they last. Hopefully this lasting impression could still be present in the next generations to come. Traditional games and Video games may sound different but they both posses the access to fun and enjoyment in terms of playing and they can help improve people’s socialization, fine motor and psychomotor, intellectual, leadership, time management, problem solving, decision making, and planning skills. REFERENCES Crego, R. (2003). Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries. Wesport, CT: Greenwood Press. Lachlan, K. (2003). Popular Video Games: Quantifying the Presentation of Violence and Its Context. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 47, 58. Newman, J. (2004). Videogames. London: Routledge. Silberman, L. (2007). Incorporating Video Games into Physical Education: Between Their Popularity and Their Efficient Delivery of Information, Video Games May Help to Enhance Students’ Motivation, Understanding, and Performance in Sports. Journal Title: JOPERD–The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 78, 18. The Chinese Historical and Cultural Project (2007). Traditional Games. [Electronic Version]. Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www. chcp. org/games. html Hanson, G. (1999, June 28). The Violent World of Video Games. Insight on the News, 15, 14. Garrat, P. (29, August 2004). Videogames: Play To Win. Mail on Sunday, 48. Grondin, K. (18, June 2006). Fun and Games †¦ Scottish Style Residents Bask in Music, Traditional Competitions. Daily Herald, 10. Smith, K. (15, July 2007). Don’t Give a Childtoys, Says Expert; CHILD’S PLAY: But Traditional Games or Role Play Can Be Better Fun Than Toys. The Mail on Sunday, 41. Filipino Games (Mga Larong Filipino). Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www. seasite. niu. edu. /Tagalog/Filipino_Games/mga_larong_pilipino. htm

Build an Authors Platform by Becoming an Internet Radio Show Host

Build an Authors Platform In todays ever-changing age of publishing, acquisitions editors at many publishing houses evaluate authors’ worth based on how many fans they have, how much publicity they can acquire and what kind of network theyre tapped into. According to Dr. Deborah Siegel, a writing coach and co-founder of SheWrites.com, the editors definition of a writers platform is qualifiable proof that youre the person to write this book and quantifiable proof that you have the ability to promote it. In today’s digital age, promotion means online promotion, having a social media presence, followers and fans. Internet radio has become one of the fastest and most popular ways to distribute the story and message of your book even before it is published. Each week for my radio show, â€Å"Giving Voice to Your Story,† I interview expert bloggers, speakers and authors of notable influence on the issues of craft and writing the personal story. Most recently, Ive interviewed popular blogger, author and speaker Nina Amir, author of How to Blog a Book. Other lineups include: Linda Joy Myers, president of the National Association for Memoir Writing. Julia Cameron, creator of the well-known The Artist’s Way and The Right to Write appeared on my show on December 20th. When my mother passed away earlier this year, I shared lessons and writing techniques I developed while writing my memoir in progress, a story about what it was like growing up in the shadow of a famous classical pianist. Listeners called in and left comments on both my Blog Talk Radio and Facebook promotional pages. One listener even became a client! The most popular venue for Internet radio is Blog Talk Radio. Most radio stations use Blog Talk Radio as their infrastructure. As the most established venue, it offers an easy start up. One can open a very workable free account, but the best deal for a solo account is $99. Paying $249 gives the most promotion. The key to building a listenership is to work the Internet. Find your tribe. Find groups on LinkedIn and engage them At the end of the day, editors want to see quantifiable proof of the numbers of the people you can reach and how you can reach them. In the digital world of marketing and promotion, this is your â€Å"online footprint.† As you begin building your author platform, see how you can work from a deeper place of service rather than think about who you are and how you come across. Each time I broadcast, I ask myself what listeners and readers will gain from tuning in. Involve your listeners as much as possible and watch your listenership grow.

Autobiographical Sketch Layout

My name is Courtney Marie Bukovitz. I wasn’t named after anyone else as far as I know. I’m 15 years old and was born on July 23, 1996 in Akron, Ohio. I have a few times but never out of Ohio. I don’t have many aunts, uncles or cousins, but the ones I do have live in a different state. My mom has 4 siblings and my dad has 1. Me on the other hand, I have 3 half siblings and 3 step siblings, I’m the youngest child. I honestly despise watching sports but I love to play them. What I usually do is hang out with my friends and doodle random pictures. The last time I went on vacation was in November, 2012 to Florida to visit family. Anytime I’ve went on vacation I’ve always stayed at my aunt or grandma’s house, so I never really stayed in a Hotel. My favorite kind of music is mainly old rock like Nirvana or alternative such as A Day To Remember. Their music is about real life situations and ideas, rather than fake love stories, lust and drugs. If I could describe myself in 3 words it’d be creative, spontaneous and independent. The high school I have attended is North High School. I don’t really have a favorite subject, but my weakness class is Biology. My strength class is History and anything that has to do with the visual arts. The class I dislike the most would be study hall, I don’t like study hall just because I find it useless. It may provide a child with the time to study but to me it’s a waste of time. My plan is to graduate from North High School in 2014 and then go to college to study to be a private investigator. I’m into the discovery of truth and justice and I’m someone who won’t stop until I achieve the truth.

Childrens Lit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Childrens Lit - Essay Example First and foremost, a literature program should aim towards enabling children realize the entertainment aspect of literature (Donna & Saundra, 2007, p.74). They should be able to understand that Literature is fun and they should always enjoy it. Sid Fleischman’s book â€Å"McBroom’s Wonderful One-Acre Farm† focuses on making children laugh and appreciate literature in general. The book contains a lot of humor as the author brings out the unusual fertility of McBroom’s farm and his exciting misadventures in a fascinating way. Secondly, Literature should be able to inform children on history of literature. When reading literature books children should also be able to understand what previously existed and acquire knowledge of life in the past. Daniel Defoe’s book â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† explains about a man who was trapped alone on island and through him the adventure genre of literature developed. This genre exists in Children’s Literatu re up to today. Books written in the past are relevant for they give accounts on how Children’s Literature has developed over time. Thirdly, Literature programs should enable children understand who they are and appreciate others as well as their cultures (Donna & Saundra, 2007, p.74). ... This should help them compare books, rate them and come up with excellent ones. J. R.R Tolkien’s book â€Å"The Fellowship of the Ring† is often described by most readers as the best fantasy collection written for children. Lastly, Literature programs should help children in giving an evaluation of books they read. They should trigger children’s imaginative powers. Lewis Carrol’s book â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland† helps in developing imagination due to the fantasies which are well developed and written in the story. Children’s literature has developed due to the changing attitudes towards children. The early 1600’s children were viewed as young adults and most of the literatures, both oral and written were general. There was no specific literature directed to children (Donna & Saundra, 2007, p.45). They majorly focused on Puritanism which dwelled on religious teachings and societal norms. In the late 1600’s some writers started recognizing the importance of literature to children. For instance, Charles Perrault wrote â€Å"Mother Goose Rhymes†, a composition of some of the stories that had been passed to children through word of mouth. In the 1700’s people’s views about children started changing. Children were treated as per their age and not adults. Children’s interpretation of literature was recognized as different from that of adults hence need for their own literatures. More books were written and the interests of children were given priority. 1800’s saw the evolution of Children’s Literature and emphasis on Puritanism started dying. Stress was basically put on the cognitive and social development of the children. Children now